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Lake fish play a key role in lake ecosystems and represent a major part of inland fishery catches worldwide. In peri-alpine lakes, fish communities, mainly composed by salmonids and percids, are targeted by about 150 commercial fishermen and 10 000 anglers. The dominant species have a pelagic phase and respond rapidly to environmental variability; their population and biomass vary significantly over relatively short period. These fluctuations have a strong impact on food webs and fisheries. At the same time, anthropogenic pressures are more pronounced in the littoral zones that are key spawning and nursery areas. Our work contribute to analyse the impact of anthropogenic forcing (climate change, stocking, invasive species, and pollutants), meteorological variability and internal dynamic on the spatio-temporal dynamic of fish populations in peri-alpine lakes. In the context of fast environmental changes, we aim to provide a better understanding of fish dynamics and help stakeholders and fisheries managers in developing a sustainable lake fishery.